E-commerce Digital Carbon Emissions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Environmental Impact

Introduction

The Digital Carbon Footprint of E-commerce Websites

Ever wondered how your online shopping use impacts the environment? We analysed the top 20 most popular platforms delving into the environmental impact of digital technologies, exploring the hidden carbon footprint that powers our digital interactions. In an era of increasing digital transformation, online shopping has become a significant contributor to global carbon emissions, so we have compared and ranked the most used platforms in the industry.

Key Findings Snapshot

• Estimated Total Annual Carbon Emissions: Based on the average carbon emissions per page view across the industry (0.768g) and the collective estimated page views per annum of the websites analysed, we estimate the annual carbon emissions to be a staggering 1 million+ tonnes!
• Top ranked: Amazon with an incredible bioscore of 968.
• Comparative Impact: The total annual carbon emissions is equivalent to the carbon emissions produced by the entirety of Cape Verde or Seychelles. It's astounding to see that only 13 websites can produce the same carbon footprint as a whole island nation (It is in fact higher than 43 nations). We start to see the scale of the digital sustainability crisis when we consider that there 1.1 billion websites globally, with 200 million of them active daily.

Methodology

Our study employed a rigorous methodology to quantify the digital carbon emissions of e-commerce websites. We analysed the homepage of each website using our free carbon emissions calculator. The homepage is statistically the most sustainability optimised page on any website. This is due to the fact that this is often the first to be optimised for SEO by business owners as it's considered their shop window, so user experience is optimised for sales and website load speeds are maximised.


We have taken the homepage as an average for the entire site as (particularly for e-commerce websites) the majority of their content sits on this page to minimise transaction friction. We believe the homepage gives a fair reflection of the overall websites sustainability on this occasion as we can take into consideration green hosting and data transfer through our free calculation. We also believe that the homepage provides a conservative bioscore for the site as it's often SEO and site speed optimised. This allows us to compare the websites fairly, which was a primary goal of our research. Below is the final results table.

Infrastructure Emissions

Data Centres

• Renewable Energy Percentage: Surprisingly only 38% of the most popular e-commerce websites use renewable energy hosting providers.
• Efficiency Improvements: With 62% of the sites being graded as "Poor" for their sustainability efforts, there are huge improvements that could have a great environmental impact. Media assets optimisation is one technique we believe the platforms can use to minimise their impact, as the majority of the "Poor" performs had high data transfer levels. The energy required to transfer these large assets will contribute significantly to the overall emissions.

Comparative Industry Analysis

Benchmarking Against Other Sectors

You would expect the e-commerce sector to have a higher bioscore when compared to other sectors due to their technical expertise and this is the case compared to the average across all our research. The average bioscore for the e-commerce platform industry was calculated at 488.3, which is 27.81 above the overall average across all industries (460.49) which included 200+ of the most popular websites globally.

Challenges and Limitations

Key Obstacles in Measuring Digital Carbon Emissions

• Some platforms have additional security measures blocking our ability to calculate their carbon emissions. Most notable absentees are: Etsy and ASOS.
• Due to the methodology, we are unable to take into consideration cacheing techniques as we are taking a one-time snapshot of the webpage's carbon emissions. We are also not privy to the percentage of new vs returning users data for the websites analysed, so this has been set to 75% new user to 25% returning user, this may be higher for this industry.

Recommendations

Actionable Insights for E-commerce Websites

Systemic Transformation

• Potential 70-80% reduction in digital sector carbon emissions by 2040
• Complete transition to net-zero digital infrastructure
• Emergence of regenerative digital technologies
• Tracking, reporting and actively reducing digital emissions is a must.

Economic and Environmental Synergies

• Creation of new green technology job markets
• Development of circular economy models in digital sectors
• Alignment of technological innovation with environmental sustainability

Global Sustainability Integration

• Digital technologies as key enablers of global decarbonisation efforts
• Development of international sustainability standards for digital infrastructure
• Technological solutions addressing broader climate change challenges

Conclusion

The Critical Role of Digital Sustainability

As e-commerce websites continue to evolve, understanding and mitigating its digital carbon footprint becomes increasingly crucial. Our research highlights both the challenges and opportunities in creating a more sustainable digital ecosystem.


We urge you to calculate your own digital carbon emissions using our free calculator to start your digital sustainability journey today.